關於淋病

淋病是一種由淋病雙球菌 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) 感染引起的性傳染病。世界衞生組織估計，在2020年全球有超過八千萬人感染淋病。而在世界不同地方抗藥性淋病的普及減少了治療藥物的選擇，甚至出現了無法醫治的病例。

在香港的事前預防用藥(PrEP)研究顯示，每兩位服用PrEP的男男性接觸者中，有一位會在大約一年內感染淋病，當中大部份在咽喉及直腸發現。

病徵

有些患者可能毫無病徵，而病徵大部份會在性接觸後2至5天出現。男性患者的一般病徵包括：

  1. 尿道流出混濁的奶狀或黃綠色的膿液
  2. 小便時感到灼痛
  3. 淋病可透過肛交或口交感染直腸或咽喉，因而或會導致排便疼痛、從直腸排出分泌物和喉痛

預防方法

  1. 進行插入式性行為(包括口交)時正確使用安全套

本研究探究以疫苗方式預防淋病。

診斷方法

  1. 尿液樣本*
  2. 尿道拭子
  3. 咽拭子*
  4. 直腸拭子*

血液測試並不是診斷淋病的方法。

治療方法

接受抗生素注射可根治淋病。

服用抗生素是另一種治療方法，但服藥依從性十分重要，以免導致抗藥性淋病。

感染過淋病的人可以重複感染。



About gonorrhoea

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The World Health Organization estimated that over 80 million people in the world acquired gonorrhoea in 2020. The emergence of drug resistance worldwide restricts the choice of medicines used. There were cases of which no medicines could be used due to multidrug resistance.

In Hong Kong, a study on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) showed that, for every 2 men who have sex with men on PrEP, 1 of them will acquire gonorrhoea within about a year. Most of these infections occurred in rectum and throat.

Symptoms

Some patients are asymptomatic. If symptoms are present, they will appear about 2-5 days after sexual contact. Common symptoms of male patients include:

  1. White, yellow or green discharge from the tip of the penis
  2. Pain or a burning sensation when urinating
  3. Gonorrhoea can be passed on via anal and oral sex to infect rectum and throat, causing pain or discharge, and sore throat

Prevention

  1. Use condom correctly when having penetrative sex including oral sex

This study focuses on the use of a vaccine for prevention.

Diagnosis

  1. Urine*
  2. Urethral swab
  3. Throat swab*
  4. Rectal swab*

Blood test is not an appropriate way for diagnosing gonorrhoea.

Treatment

Receiving antibiotic injection could cure gonorrhoea.

Taking oral antibiotics is an alternative means for treating gonorrhoea. Drug adherence is paramount to prevent causing resistance.

A cured person can acquire gonorrhoea again.


香港中文大學何鴻燊防治傳染病研究中心
Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

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